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RAAF personnel of 211 Squadron Many Australians served in 211 Squadron over the course of its existence from 1937 to 1946. From Grantham in 1937 and 1938, to the Middle East, the Western Desert and Greece from 1938 to 1941, resting as 72 OTU in late 1941, in strength to the Far East in 1942 for the Sumatra and Java campaign, and finally in the 1943-1945 Burma campaign, at least 84 Australians were associated with 211 Squadron, either as trainee or as operational aircrew. Most of them were RAAF personnel, but five were RAAF Point Cook graduates who joined the RAF under the pre-war RAAF/RAF Short Service Commission exchange scheme, while another man joined the RAF on a Short Service Commission directly. The remaining 78 were RAAF volunteers, trained through the Empire Air Training Scheme. Three died in training with 72 OTU. In Sumatra and Java, 16 RAAF aircrew lost their lives in action and one in captivity as a PoW. In Burma, two more RAAF aircrew were lost, missing in action. From Point Cook to the Middle East and beyond... Research among the various official records has recently uncovered enough for at least an outline of 40980 F/O ART Barnes’ service career, sufficient to draft the beginnings of a narrative for him. His service number indicates that he entered the RAF directly, on a Short Service Commission. It was soon after the 211 Squadron website first went on-line that the Edwards family in New South Wales made me aware of the Australian origins of 40045 F/O WH Edwards DFC (later F/Lt of 107 Squadron, taken PoW 12 May 1940). Thanks to mementoes and other records gathered patiently by his family, the narrative for Bill Edwards has come to pass. In Farrington’s case, his late widow Alison Legge originally got in touch over some additional details for my little book 211 Squadron RAF: Greece 1940–1941. Since the 211 Squadron story went on-line, their son John Farrington has kindly gone to great lengths to provide much additional information and in turn, I have replied in kind as other fragments come to hand. All these led, in time, to an account of the RAF service of 40046 Flt Lt AL Farrington (later S/Ldr 582 Squadron, KIA 29 August 1944), which has turned out not only to parallel that of Edwards, but to intersect with it. Edwards and Farrington both enlisted in the RAAF well before the war, qualifying as pilots at RAAF Point Cook from the July 1936 ‘A’ Cadet course entry. Having graduated as pilots, both were selected and commissioned in the RAF under the RAAF/RAF Short Service Commission exchange scheme in the July 1937 party (and one of the last to embark). Between 1926 and 1938, the scheme resulted in at least 149 young RAAF cadet pilots transferring to the RAF, their Cadet year at Point Cook counting as the first of a five or six year RAF commission. 33 of these young officer pilots later died or were reported missing in RAF service. The men of the exchange scheme were properly Australian members of the RAF, and accorded service numbers of a particular RAF set. Their service records to this day are held by the Personnel Management Agency at RAF Innsworth. The Grantham Trio The Squadron was shortly to embark for the Middle East and Geoff Grierson's print of the formal Squadron photograph taken at Grantham, dated March 1938, was the key. Among the 15 officer pilots and four Sergeant pilots of the Squadron, three Pilot Officers of Australian origin were revealed, by their darker uniforms and RAAF eagle cuff badge.
A comparison of Air Force List editions from October 1937 to January 1939 against London Gazette entries and against RAAF rolls of Point Cook cadets for the exchange scheme then revealed another surprise: not three but four 211 Squadron Pilot Officers were of RAAF officer-cadet origin. All four had been commissioned in the RAF under the scheme, as their service numbers show: 39453 P/O DG Boehm (RAAF Pt Cook January 1936 Course) For a time it had seemed that Cameron had qualified as early as the 1930 Course, then came the final surprise in this little mystery. In the United Kingdom, Guy Black had unexpectedly found pages from a 1930s album of 211 Squadron photographs, taken by an unknown airman. Boehm, Cameron and Farrington were all shown, in RAAF blue and eagle cuff badge, all named by the photographer.
Further searching with the assistance of the RAAF Museum Point Cook uncovered the RAAF Cadet Course group photographs for January and July 1936, with personnel identified by surname. The RAAF Pt Cook January 1936 course photo showed Boehm and Cameron together. Here, enlargements from the original scans show the four cadets destined for RAF commissions and posting to No. 211 (Bomber) Squadron as it reformed.
Farrington (left), Boehm (centre) and Edwards (right): three Pilot Officers of Australian origin, now confidently identified. Cameron is absent. The same shot appears on Edwards’ page. A number of people gave a hand in solving this puzzle: Adrian Fryatt, Guy Black, Mike Grierson, Errol Martyn, Dean Norman and Terry in particular, with assistance from RAAF Historical Pt Cook, and from John Partington. Boehm and Cameron were in fact the first two Australian Pilot Officers posted to the re-forming Squadron, on 24 June 1937 according to the October 1937 Air Force List. While the July 1937 list showed S/Ldr RJA Ford as the sole member at Mildenhall joining on 5 July, the Squadron diary records Boehm as senior officer in command as of his arrival, on 24 June! Cameron and Boehm both appeared in each Air Force List roll for the Squadron thereafter to January 1938. Farrington was posted in on 27 November 1937, and Edwards on 8 January 1938. By the April 1938 Air Force List, Cameron had been posted elsewhere. Boehm, Edwards and Farrington continued to appear in the 211 Squadron roll of each edition up to and including January 1939 (the last with Squadron rolls). Boehm was the first to be promoted in 211 Squadron, to Flying Officer (January 1939 Air Force List). He was later posted to 84 Squadron (perhaps before September 1940) and also served in Greece, but died in the accidental crash of Blenheim IV T2382 with his crew (Sgt KG Lee and LAC H Jackson) at Kiphissia on 1 April 1941. Aged 28, Boehm was by then senior 84 Squadron flight commander. Cameron, the first to be posted out, went on to serve with 226 Squadron in France. Aged 25, he was shot down with his crew in Fairey Battle L5247 on operations SW of Luxembourg 10 May 1940, dying of his wounds on 12 May. F/O RW Bungey, later W/Cdr DFC, another graduate of the Point Cook July 1936 ‘A’ Course, was a 226 Squadron comrade of Cameron and also a friend of Allan Farrington. Edwards, in England on Blenheim Delivery Flight duty, found himself retained there on the outbreak of war and promoted F/Lt to serve with Embry's 107 Squadron. Shot down over Maastricht 12 May 1940, he survived captivity and returned to Australia post-war, if in poor health, dying in 1955. Farrington remained with 211 Squadron the longest, rising to F/Lt and surviving Greece. Returning to England in 1941, tour expired, after a period of instructing he joined 582 (Pathfinder) Squadron flying Lancasters out of RAF Little Staughton. He was killed in action with his crew over Denmark on 29 August 1944 . An Australian in command Born in 1910, John Westley Boyd Judge of Camberwell first enlisted in the RAAF in May 1928 as an Aircraftman and by November 1930, as LAC, he had passed a number of Trade tests for Sergeant. He then applied for and was appointed an Air Cadet from July 1931, posted to RAAF Point Cook and No 1 FTS. On graduating as a pilot he was selected for an RAF SSC under the exchange scheme, embarking for the UK in July 1932. Commissioned into the RAF on 16 August 1932, Judge was apparently granted a permanent commission in 1936. Promoted to a Staff job in the Middle East after his 211 Squadron command, he was Mentioned in Despatches (London Gazette 24 September 1941). Judge remained in the RAF after the War, achieving the rank of Group Captain in 1949 and retiring in November 1952 with a total of 34 years service in two Air Forces. 211 Squadron as 72 OTU In June 1941, 211 Squadron is noted as a “reserve squadron” tasked with forming 72 OTU including on strength 6 Blenheim Is and latterly some number of Mark IVs (including Z7577 and Z7695, both lost in training accidents). The official record of 72 OTU, the Operations Record Book (TNA AIR 29/686) begins with a summary of the period September 1941 to December 1941, covering the formation of Middle East OTUs, the work of 211 Squadron in training and as an OTU nucleus, and the ultimate formation of 72 OTU with a strength of the order of 1000 airmen. On withdrawal from Aquir in Palestine that June, the Squadron had proceeded under the command of S/L Blomfield via Heliopolis, Ismailia and Wadi Halfa to take post at Wadi Gazouza in the Red Sea Hills of the Sudan. From June to mid November 1941 the Squadron operated there as a reserve training squadron and ultimately to provide a nucleus for No 72 OTU, mainly for the final training of RAAF aircrew (see Blenheim I 211 Squadron as 72 OTU, CFR Clark Wadi Gazouza and 72 OTU and Bill Baird’s photos). By late July, Blomfield had been replaced by W/C McDonald. In signing the Logbooks of the RAF staff (Baird and Clark, eg) and of the RAAF personnel under training (like RM Barclay, Bill Burnside, Lindsay “Charger” Cameron, Les “Perce” Payne and Jim Vernon) the various commanders continued using their 211 Squadron designations until about 11 November. No. 72 OTU was formally established at Wadi Gazouza on 18 November 1941. Sadly, three Australian aircrew died in the course of training there. On the afternoon of 25 November Sgt pilot John Skinner, his observer Sgt Colin Dunstone and WOp/AG Sgt James Thompson failed to return from a low level bombing exercise in Blenheim IV Z9612. It was New Year’s Eve before the burnt-out wreckage was found, not far away near Erkowit. There were no survivors. Aircrew and groundcrew of 211 Squadron remained attached to the rapidly expanding OTU until briskly extracted, en masse, on 20 December 1941. On that date 211 Squadron set out from Wadi Gazouza to re-establish itself at Helwan, pending departure to the Far East equipped with 24 aircraft. The date and size of the aircrew party remains uncertain, but must have numbered in excess of 72 and perhaps as many as 90. The groundcrew can be readily counted, as the loss of some 300 men at short notice was noted dourly in the 72 OTU ORB. The 211 Squadron movement order and nominal roll of the 292 airmen of the ground party to depart by train for Helwan (under the now practised command of F/Lt Ken Dundas DFC) was also appended to the ORB. There are many names in the roll familiar from Greece and from the Far East PoW roll. Presumably the majority of these men set out as the Squadron’s sea party, many of them ultimately falling captive in Java in March 1942. RAAF personnel: 211 Squadron and 72 OTU, Middle East 1941 Some, like Charlie Pailthorpe, were posted to 211 Squadron in early June 1941 at Heliopolis, as the Squadron was stood down to reserve status for training duties, the first Blenheim operations course requiring 40 flying hours and of notionally six weeks duration. Les Payne and and several other Queenslanders had stuck together and were in a similar fix: already with 11 Squadron in Palestine when it was discovered that none of them had passed an OTU course. So off to Wadi Gazouza they went, and thus they find their place in the 211 Squadron story. Mervyn Scope was part of the October 1941 course, the last before the forming of 72 OTU in November and the re-forming of 211 Squadron as an operational unit in December that year. Twelve men did not survive the war, three of them (Sgts Skinner, Dunstone, and Thomson) lost in an accident while training at Wadi Gazouza. 211 Squadron and 72 OTU July—December 1941 Losses July—December 1941 In the nature of things, many of these RAAF men went on to other RAF or RAAF Squadrons on completion of their courses. Among them, quite remarkable numbers went to either 11 Squadron RAF or 45 Squadron RAF. Some examples follow. Others still are discussed in the Far East context, last below. RM “Bob” Barclay Sgt MK (Bill) Burnside Lindsay “Charger” Cameron
Wadi Gazouza, Sudan. cJuly 1941 (AWM image P02127.012) Left to right: Les “Perce” Payne , Jack Nankerviss and "Charger" Cameron (Original photograph album housed in the AWM Private Records Collection at P00491, donor J Burnside). Les “Perce” Payne
RAF Middle East Pool 1941 (PL Payne) Left to right: Mick Woodham, Hugh MacLennan, Jeff Hiller, Noel Stevenson, PL Payne, T Tyzack. Half of this group of Australians survived the war. 407075 Sgt GA Hiller died on 2 December 1941 over Libya and lies in the Knightsbridge cemetery at Acroma. 404107 Sgt HA MacLennan went missing in action, presumed killed, during the 11 Squadron attack on the IJN ships of Nagumo Force off Ceylon on 9 April. On the same operation, W/O 407083 NL Stevenson was KIA with his crew in Blenheim IV Z7803. Six of the nine attacking Blenheims were lost and the Japanese also sank the RN carrier HMS Hermes. The lost crews of 11 Squadron are commemorated on the CWGC Singapore memorial.
Straight after a visit to the barber’s shop, nine Australian Sergeant pilots. Left to right, rear: Prentice, DCH Barrett, SW “Wally” White, Tonkin, McLellan, PL Payne Front, left to right: HEM “Ted” Tyzack, GW Hartnell, HA MacLennan. Wally White returned to 11 Squadron after his OTU course, but was killed in air operations from Colombo on 15 March 1942. With bomb-doors off to accommodate the depth-charge loaded for a sea patrol, Wally, “Torchy” Stairs and Noel Watt and suffered engine failure on take-off. Stairs, the Navigator, survived. White and Watt were buried the next day with Les Payne and the 11 Squadron boys in attendance. They lie in Colombo (Kanatte) General Cemetery, commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
Left to right: McCann, “Charger” Cameron, Les “Perce” Payne, with a RN fitter. The boys are all pretty sweaty in the humidity of Ceylon. Just back from anti-submarine patrol. The aircraft is Blenheim IV Z7771, issued from new to 11 Squadron and struck off charge as late as 20 April 1944. Though the Battle of Ceylon was a bad result for the Squadron and for the Navy (with heavy loss yet little damage to the Japanese taskforce), Nagumo now withdrew from the Indian Ocean, never to return. The difficulties of the New Guinea campaign and the Battle of the Coral Sea were still to come, but the Japanese thrust had met its first reverse. Mervyn Scope The Far East For the later Burma campaign, the India and Burma narrative records that the Squadron retained a complement of Canadian and Australian aircrew from its SEAC re-formation in 1943 to 1945, and that “6 Dominion pilots” were released in July 1945. The Squadron Operations Record Book at this period endeavoured to separately identify personnel of RAAF origin, and records 406372 S/Ldr Stacey DFC (represented on the AWM Honours and Awards database) and 428875 F/O RM Reichstein, posted from the Squadron together on 12 August 1945 pending repatriation. These sources also record the loss two other Australians: 404741 F/O K Fuller in March 1944, and 401785 P/O JW Goddard at the end of May 1944. Four Australians in all: two lost in action. Between them, these sources also record 19 RCAF personnel and one South African, again readily identifiable in the ORB by their service numbers. It may be that these 24 men are the whole complement of 211 Squadron’s “Dominion pilots” in Burma. Odgers’ Air War Against Japan records that in the Burma-India theatre, RAAF strength peaked at 1,091 in July 1944, falling to 923 by January 1945 (of whom 872 were aircrew). Odgers records just one RAAF aircrew member of 211 Squadron at January 1945: this was certainly Stacey, as Reichstein was not posted in until April. Evidently, efforts to post RAAF personnel together had been less successful in this period than was the case earlier. Still, as they completed their tours, RAAF aircrew were at last repatriated. The following two RAAF personnel lists (albeit still with extensive footnoting) represent a partial nominal roll of RAAF aircrew members of 211 Squadron in the first and second Far East campaigns. The first shows known survivors, while the second lists those lost. Assembled from the various sources noted, and partly reconciled with RAAF records, there are 41 personnel named on these lists who can with reasonable confidence be recorded as 211 Squadron members: 22 of the 24 on the RAAF survivors list and the 19 men of the RAAF personnel losses Honour roll. RAAF survivors, Far East The 22 men with RAAF service numbers are thus confirmed from sound sources as 211 Squadron personnel survivors of the Far East period: 20 in the Sumatra/Java period and two in India and Burma. Of the remaining two, mentioned in secondary sources and without service numbers, “A Devonshire” was most probably Anthony Devenish, an Englishman. T Williams remains untraced for the time being. 403770 Foreman WCW, a P/O Observer previously shown in the list, turns out to have been an RNZAF member of English birth—his career is summarised in the New Zealand section of the Personnel Rolls.
Devenish ADE P/O 45422 Initially confirmed by the logbook of the Swiss WOp/AG Fred Joerin: Devenish was his Pilot up to the time they both joined 211 Squadron. Further, the London Gazette (No 35127 of 4 April 1941) records that Anthony Donald English Devenish and GA Mockridge 45431 were both ex-Royal Artillery 2nd Lts commissioned into the RAF as Pilot Officers in April 1941 (note the proximity of their Service numbers). Both men became Blenheim pilots and went on to serve with 107 Squadron at Malta in late 1941, with 211 Squadron in early 1942 in Sumatra and Java, to be evacuated from Java aboard Tung Song. Devenish, it appears, survived the war. There being no matching record of RAAF service under the names A Devenish or A Devonshire, it seems probable that Bon Hall’s Glory in Chaos reference to this latter man, and as an RAAF pilot, is another misrecording for Anthony Devenish. Sgt Hubbard, P/O Maitland and Sgt Lewis
Bill Maitland the pilot and Sgt Observer Bernard J Hubbard were evacuated from Tjilatjap in March aboard Tung Song. Back in Australia, Maitland had a stint as Flying Instructor on Ansons then late in the war was posted back to operations with No. 87 Squadron RAAF flying PR Mosquitoes. One of his claims to fame was that he flew the Squadron's last wartime operation. Of the three, he alone survived the war, returning to his native South Australia. “Lew” Lewis, the Sgt WOp/AG from Western Australia, fell captive in Java. He died in the sinking of the Tamahoko Maru in June 1944, torpedoed off Nagasaki with 772 PoWs aboard. She sank quickly. Although 212 of the PoWs were saved by the Japanese, sadly Lewis was not among them. Two other vessels in the convoy were sunk in the same action. Lewis’ casualty file includes a slip here, mistakenly noting the vessel as Rakuyuo Maru: she was torpedoed later, in September 1944, again with great loss. Lewis is commemorated on the Singapore Memorial. Promoted to Flight Sergeant, Hubbard the Victorian also remained in Australia and was posted to 32 Squadron RAAF, equipped with Lockheed Hudsons. On 4 November 1942, Hudson A16-173 suffered instrument failure while searching in bad weather and gathering dark for a reported submarine. Despite an attempt to offer beacon assistance by the Mt Brown searchlight battery, at about 2110hrs the aircraft hit the Illawarra Escarpment near West Dapto, killing the crew of four: the pilot Clark, the gunners, Iredell and Rich, and Hubbard, navigator. He was laid to rest in Cheltenham New Cemetery, Victoria. Sgts Manton and O’Brien
Thanks to Jack Woodward (ex 27 Squadron) and his wonderful Three Times Lucky, two more RAAF Sergeant Observers have recently turned up. Jack was lucky to escape Java aboard the Kota Gede. Arriving in Ceylon in early March, he found Greg Manton and Brian O’Brien (who he’d last seen at Tjilatjap) already there. RJ "Dicky" Martin He was crewing with F/Lt K McDonald in a 22 Sqdn RAAF Boston over Sydney Harbour in June 1942, doing low level sweeps after the Japanese submarine shelling of Bondi the night before. Unsuccessful in attempting to persuade McDonald (a pre-war aerobatic pilot) to perform a loop over the Harbour Bridge, he had to be satisfied with a low pass beneath the bridge (reputedly one of the first aircraft to do so). F/O P Stacey DFC
Stacey “acquired a log-book which reads like 'Who's Who', when he was a pilot in a communications squadron. His passengers included Field Marshal and Lady Wavell; General Sir Claude and Lady Auchinlech; the last Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow; Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Peirse, the Maharajah of Jaipur; the Governor of Bengal, the Honorable R. G. Casey, and Major General Wingate, among others”.
F/O Perce Stacey RAAF of Claremont, WA (right), watches armourers at work loading a rocket onto the rails: LAC RG Stephens RAF of Evesham, Worcestershire (left, in hat), LAC H Radcliffe RAF of Newcastle-under-Lyne, Staffordshire (centre, hatless). The cord and plug dangling from the rockets rear is the electrical igniter for the cordite propellant. Images reproduced with the kind permission of the Australian War Memorial, where a number of 211 Squadron images are held in the on-line, searchable through the Collection Database page. RAAF losses, Far East
* presumably 6 Feb ** lost with Squadron Ldr KCVD Dundas DFC at Kluang *** sic: lost with Oddie (Observer) and Payne (WOp/AG) Mohr RD 400019 A curious footnote... ...and a confusing case McNamara was posted to 211 Squadron on 12 January 1942, and with them to the Far East wef 17 January 1942, but the correct date and place of his loss long remained confusing (some sources recording him incorrectly as an 84 Squadron man attached to 45 Squadron). While the first 211 Squadron flight left Helwan on 25 January to reach Mingaladon airfield on the outskirts of Rangoon in Burma on Sunday 1 February, the fourth and last 211 Squadron flight from Helwan on 28 January had reached there on 3 February 1942. By that date, the airfield had already come under attack. On the way, there were a number of 211 Squadron stragglers, due to servicing difficulties for aircraft becoming unserviceable en route. It turned out that McNamara and his RAAF crew, Sgt DW Penn 407274 and Sgt NA Bruce 400668 left Helwan in the third flight of six on 27 January 1942 and were held up in just this way, as recounted in the notes on Blenheim IV Z7892. McNamara and his crew are recorded in Jefford’s wonderful work The Flying Camels: The History of No 45 Squadron RAF as one of two “guest” all-Australian crews who were present at Zayatkwin and “taken in” by 45 Squadron as they strove to resume operations around 16 Feb 1942. Attached to 45 Squadron on arrival in Mingaladon on 15 February, McNamara was lost on the ground there in the IJAAF attack of 25 February which destroyed 5 of 45 Squadron’s Blenheims: “The second Japanese attack, at about 1615hrs, caught the Blenheims on the ground on their way back to Magwe and there were two casualties, both Australians. Sgt Jack McNamara was killed by flying shrapnel and his observer, Sgt Bill Penn, was wounded; their WOp/AG Sgt Norm Bruce made his way to Highland Queen...” Detached from 211 Squadron before the date of his unfortunate death, poor McNamara falls between two stools—neither a survivor, nor at his death a part of the Squadron—nevertheless, a 211 member he was, for a time, with his crew. Other connections Bell T 402184 Sgt KIA 9/9/42 Curran D Sgt Observer Furmage GG 408009 Hare A 400673 Sgt Travers AR 408017 Sgt KIA 9/4/42 Summary and further work Research into the various accounts and sources is slowly proceeding. For example, JB Keeping, NH Oddie and Merv Scope all had associations with (and named) many other RAAF personnel, some of whom were also members of 211 Squadron or 72 OTU. Still, the record of RAAF service in 211 Squadron is now substantial, if some way from completion. Some men firmly identified by name and photograph have remained elusive in Australian records to date. There may still be others not yet identified, so a surviving RAAF member may yet come forward to share their tale. From the mist of the past and the tragedy of war, there are now in all 84 firmly identified Australians among the aircrew of 211 Squadron RAF from 1938 to 1946. No less than four of these men date from the pre-war re-forming of the Squadron. Another, JWB Judge, served as Commanding Officer from February 1939 to July 1940, presiding over the conversion from Hind to Blenheim and leading the Squadron to war with the Italians in the Western Desert. Of the known wartime contingent of 84 men of RAAF or Australian origin, just 49 survived the war: 35 men died on active service either with 211 Squadron or in subsequent service, three of them while training at Wadi Gazouza. Of the 44 Australian airmen who were operationally active with the Squadron, 19 were killed in action or on air operations while serving with the Squadron, or died in captivity (a loss rate of 43%). These men, all recorded in the Losses rolls above, are also recorded on the Squadron Honour Roll. Sources Air Ministry Air Force List (HMSO) issues for July 1937, October 1937, January 1938, April 1938, November 1938, December 1938, January 1939.
www.211squadron.org © DR Clark & others 1998–2008 |
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